Lecture Notes - Cities and Film


- investigating the appearance of the city in film and photography
- consideration of the city as both a public space and a place experiences privately by individual

- wrote the essay 'Metropolis and Mental Life' 
- about the effects of the city and the built environment on the body
- how the body functions within the space of the city
- experience of negotiating the city and the effect that has on people

- surrealist influence 
- collage with a fragmented body surrounded by buildings 

- same idea but reflected in a different way 
- picturing a vulnerable body with the relationship and imbalance between the body and the city
- depicting the risk to bodies in the construction of the city
- considering the possibility of the resistance to the city - of the individuals being swallowed up by the city and its construction

- Sullivan coined the phrase 'form follows function'
- creator of the modern skyscraper

 - still resides in the arts and crafts movement but as Sullivan's work develops, he applies the idea of form following function 
- organises buildings as a reflection of the organisation of the body
- considering how a person would move through the building

- skyscrapers upwards style represents the idea of business opportunities 

- works for the Ford company 
- images are typical of modernist movement - representing the factory in an abstract way



- how the body becomes almost a part of the machine in a factory
- gaining maximum productivity
- cycle of production and consumption 
- affordable goods being produced for the consumer


- depicting the aspect of modernity present in the factory environment
- showing the idea of the body being swallowed up by the machinery in a comedic way


- difficult social situations - expansion and explosion of industry

Man with a Movie Camera Film (1929)
- comments on Russian society in Stalin era and explores the idea of the ideal society


Flaneur
- making observations
- a person who walks the city as a way to explore it
- not just experiencing the city as a worker who is "part of the machinery" but instead being removed from the crowd and observing and commenting on the experience of the city
- art should reflect this
- adopts the idea of the flaneur as an analytical device - as a memoir but with a critical angle
- considers how the city might be arranged to get the best experience from it
- looking at arcades 

 - the photographer as a flaneur who not only goes around the city to experience it but also to record those experiences
- the photographer who is separate from the crowd
- someone who could be said to "steal" images from the crowd of the city
- exploring moments in the crowd, both individual and architectural 

- depicting the experience of the woman in society through the idea of the flaneur (flaneuse for female)
- the figure of the flaneur is male as women didn't have the same freedom as men in the modernist period

 - reflects on Benjamin's arcade writing 

- stereotype which also appears in photography - woman in an urban environment
- sense of dread and foreboding - a woman alone in the city
- sense of an "in between moment"- a moment gone before and a moment about to come - stalling
- up to the viewer to figure out the story


- Sophie Calle imitates this idea
- reflecting the behaviour of the man in the images 
- almost like a stalking relationship

- example of where the architecture of the city invites a certain relationship
- in the example of Sophie Calle's work it gives her a finite area in which she can stalk people to produce photographs



- the idea of a detective motif also appears in another of Sophie Calle's work where she asks a detective to follow her around and photograph her while she photographs him



- showing snapshot moments of an isolated figure in an urban environment
- era implied by clothing - referencing the past
- image shot at the base of the World Trade Centre
- no reference in the image of the location
- unidentifiable locations
- point to the images is that we project our experiences into an image
- uses types of buildings that look like they could be anywhere



- response to attacks on the Twin Towers in 2001
- collection of the work as a "democracy" 
- attempt to democratise the process of image making



 - echoes the Cindy Sherman film stills
- art imitating life or life imitating art?
- uncomfortable experience
- people believed Felig was "in touch with spirits" as he would always arrive on the scene of crimes moments after they happened (by using a short wave police radio) 


 - his photographic methods are documented in films 
- typical film noire plots 

- challenges the player to investigate crimes 

- depicts a city of the future

 - set in the future as a prediction of the future but also has references to the 80s era - mixing up of timelines


- example of the representation of the public and the private 
- illuminates random subjects using a trip wire attached to the flash on his camera
- use of the camera as a surveillance tool is a comment on this experience of the city
- you're alone in a crowd full of lots of people but at the same time you don't associate with others in the crowd
- lost expression
- sense of bewilderment that creates a drama - makes the photographs look like film stills
- almost representations of an interior life



 - lawsuit brought against diCorcia about violations of people's privacy and rights by taking images of people without their knowledge
- judge dismissed the complaint as the photographs are being used as art rather than advertising


- same photographic experiences were also conducted during modernist times
- exposure of interior city life - people who are unaware they are being photographed
- haunting quality of images 
- people who are both alone and together at the same time




- representation of the city as a bombardment of information
- bombarding the viewer sensorially with information everywhere
- using depth of field to prevent the viewer from picking one figure out of the image - all on the same level and all equally as important in the image
- replicating the experience of being in the city and being assaulted by information
- familiarity vs unfamiliarity 




- the availability of photographic methods for documenting events in a city causes the removal of the flaneur
- there is no need for someone strolling through the city to capture imagery if everyone has access to cameras to take their own documentary photographs



- we are always being surveyed when in the city - new way of surveillance with the use of cctv - new adaptation of the flaneur



Thursday 8 November 2012 by Andrea Hannah Cooper
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