- investigating the appearance of the city in film and photography
- consideration of the city as both a public space and a place experiences privately by individual
- wrote the essay 'Metropolis and Mental Life'
- about the effects of the city and the built environment on the body
- how the body functions within the space of the city
- experience of negotiating the city and the effect that has on people
- surrealist influence
- collage with a fragmented body surrounded by buildings
- same idea but reflected in a different way
- picturing a vulnerable body with the relationship and imbalance between the body and the city
- depicting the risk to bodies in the construction of the city
- considering the possibility of the resistance to the city - of the individuals being swallowed up by the city and its construction
- Sullivan coined the phrase 'form follows function'
- creator of the modern skyscraper
- still resides in the arts and crafts movement but as Sullivan's work develops, he applies the idea of form following function
- organises buildings as a reflection of the organisation of the body
- considering how a person would move through the building
- skyscrapers upwards style represents the idea of business opportunities
- works for the Ford company
- images are typical of modernist movement - representing the factory in an abstract way
- how the body becomes almost a part of the machine in a factory
- gaining maximum productivity
- cycle of production and consumption
- affordable goods being produced for the consumer
- depicting the aspect of modernity present in the factory environment
- showing the idea of the body being swallowed up by the machinery in a comedic way
- difficult social situations - expansion and explosion of industry
Man with a Movie Camera Film (1929)
- comments on Russian society in Stalin era and explores the idea of the ideal society
Flaneur
- making observations- a person who walks the city as a way to explore it
- not just experiencing the city as a worker who is "part of the machinery" but instead being removed from the crowd and observing and commenting on the experience of the city
- art should reflect this
- adopts the idea of the flaneur as an analytical device - as a memoir but with a critical angle
- considers how the city might be arranged to get the best experience from it
- looking at arcades
- the photographer as a flaneur who not only goes around the city to experience it but also to record those experiences
- the photographer who is separate from the crowd
- someone who could be said to "steal" images from the crowd of the city
- exploring moments in the crowd, both individual and architectural
- depicting the experience of the woman in society through the idea of the flaneur (flaneuse for female)
- the figure of the flaneur is male as women didn't have the same freedom as men in the modernist period
- reflects on Benjamin's arcade writing
- stereotype which also appears in photography - woman in an urban environment
- sense of dread and foreboding - a woman alone in the city
- sense of an "in between moment"- a moment gone before and a moment about to come - stalling
- up to the viewer to figure out the story
- Sophie Calle imitates this idea
- reflecting the behaviour of the man in the images
- almost like a stalking relationship
- example of where the architecture of the city invites a certain relationship
- in the example of Sophie Calle's work it gives her a finite area in which she can stalk people to produce photographs
- the idea of a detective motif also appears in another of Sophie Calle's work where she asks a detective to follow her around and photograph her while she photographs him
- showing snapshot moments of an isolated figure in an urban environment
- era implied by clothing - referencing the past
- image shot at the base of the World Trade Centre
- no reference in the image of the location
- unidentifiable locations
- point to the images is that we project our experiences into an image
- uses types of buildings that look like they could be anywhere
- response to attacks on the Twin Towers in 2001
- collection of the work as a "democracy"
- attempt to democratise the process of image making
- echoes the Cindy Sherman film stills
- art imitating life or life imitating art?
- uncomfortable experience
- people believed Felig was "in touch with spirits" as he would always arrive on the scene of crimes moments after they happened (by using a short wave police radio)
- his photographic methods are documented in films
- typical film noire plots
- challenges the player to investigate crimes
- depicts a city of the future
- set in the future as a prediction of the future but also has references to the 80s era - mixing up of timelines
- example of the representation of the public and the private
- illuminates random subjects using a trip wire attached to the flash on his camera
- use of the camera as a surveillance tool is a comment on this experience of the city
- you're alone in a crowd full of lots of people but at the same time you don't associate with others in the crowd
- lost expression
- sense of bewilderment that creates a drama - makes the photographs look like film stills
- almost representations of an interior life
- lawsuit brought against diCorcia about violations of people's privacy and rights by taking images of people without their knowledge
- judge dismissed the complaint as the photographs are being used as art rather than advertising
- same photographic experiences were also conducted during modernist times
- exposure of interior city life - people who are unaware they are being photographed
- haunting quality of images
- people who are both alone and together at the same time
- bombarding the viewer sensorially with information everywhere
- using depth of field to prevent the viewer from picking one figure out of the image - all on the same level and all equally as important in the image
- replicating the experience of being in the city and being assaulted by information
- familiarity vs unfamiliarity
- the availability of photographic methods for documenting events in a city causes the removal of the flaneur
- there is no need for someone strolling through the city to capture imagery if everyone has access to cameras to take their own documentary photographs
- we are always being surveyed when in the city - new way of surveillance with the use of cctv - new adaptation of the flaneur